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網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中的自動(dòng)邊偏移

網(wǎng)站建設(shè)中元素絕對(duì)定位時(shí),如果除bottom外某個(gè)任意偏移屬性設(shè)置為auto,會(huì)有一種特殊的行為。下面以top為例,考慮以下標(biāo)記:

<p>

When we consider Che effect of positioning, it quickly becomes clear that authors

can do a great deal of damage to layout, just as they can do very interesting

things.<span style="position.: absolute; top: auto; left: 0;">[4]</span> This is usually the case with useful technologies: the sword always has at least two edges, both of them sharp.

</P>

會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢?對(duì)于left,很簡(jiǎn)單:元素的左邊界會(huì)相對(duì)于其包含塊的左邊界放置(可以假設(shè)其包含塊是初始包含塊)。不過(guò),對(duì)于top,還會(huì)發(fā)生一些更有意思的事情。定位元素的頂端要相對(duì)于其未定位前本來(lái)的頂端位置對(duì)齊。換句話說(shuō),假設(shè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)人員span的 position值為static,想象一下它會(huì)放在哪里,這就是其靜態(tài)位置,也就是計(jì)算出的其頂邊應(yīng)在的位置。CSS2.1這樣描述:

……(元素的)“靜態(tài)位置”一詞大致含義是:元素在正常流中原本的位置。更確切地講,“頂端”的錚態(tài)位置是從包含塊的上邊界到假想框的上外邊距邊界之間的距離(假想框是假設(shè)元素“position”屬性為“static”時(shí)元素的第一個(gè)框)。如果這個(gè)假想的元素框在包含塊的上面,則這個(gè)值為負(fù)。

因此,可以得到如圖10-42所示的結(jié)果,

圖10-42:絕對(duì)定位一個(gè)元素,與其“靜態(tài)”位置一致

“[4]”位于段落內(nèi)容之外,因?yàn)槌跏及瑝K的左邊界在該段落左邊界的左邊。

如果left和right設(shè)置為auto,也適用同樣的基本規(guī)則。在這些情況下,定位元素的左(或右)邊界與元素未定位時(shí)該邊界原本的位置對(duì)齊。下面修改前面的例子,使top 和left都設(shè)置為auto:

<P>

When we consider the effect of positioning, it quickly becomes clear that

can. do a great deal of damage to layout, just as they can do very interesting

things.<span style="position: absolute; top: auto; left: auto;">[4]</span> This is usually the case with useful technologies: the sword always has at least two edges, both of them sharp.

</P>

圖10-43:絕對(duì)定位一個(gè)元素,與其“靜態(tài)”位置一致

“[4]”現(xiàn)在就位于其本來(lái)位置(即未定位前的位置)。注意,由于它已經(jīng)定位,其正常流空間關(guān)閉。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)站建設(shè)定位元素與正常流內(nèi)容重疊。

注意:應(yīng)該注意到,網(wǎng)站建設(shè)CSS2和CSS2.1都指出在這樣的情況下,*網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)者可以自由猜測(cè)可能的[靜態(tài)]位置。當(dāng)前瀏覽器在這方面做得很好,會(huì)按要求處理top和left的auto值,使元素的位置與其在正常流中原本的位置一致。

這種自動(dòng)放置只在某些情況下可行,這些情況下通常對(duì)定位元素的其他尺寸沒(méi)有什么限制。前面的例子可以自動(dòng)放置,因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)其高度或?qū)挾葲](méi)有任何限制,對(duì)下邊界和右邊界的放置也沒(méi)有限制。不過(guò),假設(shè)出于某種原因確實(shí)有這樣一些限制會(huì)怎么樣呢?請(qǐng)考慮以下標(biāo)記:

<p>

When we consider the effect of positioning, it' quickly becomes clear that authors

can do a great deal of damage to layout, just as they can do very interesting

things.<span style="position: absolute; Copt auto; left: auto; right: 0; bottom: 0; height: 2em; width: 5em;">[4]</span> This is usually the case with

useful technologies: the sword always has at least two edges, both of them sharp.

</P>

此時(shí)無(wú)法滿足以上的全部值。要確定此時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么,這是下一節(jié)要討論的問(wèn)題。

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